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The sympathetic system as a whole is a catabolic system, expending energy, as in the flight or fight response to danger, e.g. increasing the heart rate and contractility and shunting blood to the muscles and heart.
In order to extend all over the body the sympathetic system fibers leave the spinal cord at levels T1-L2, enter the paravertebral ganglion chain and then may travel up or down the chain for considerable distances prior to synapsing (Fig. 46).
Both parasympathetic and sympathetic systems contain two neurons between the spinal cord and periphery.
For the sympathetic system this synapse is either in the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia or farther away in the pre- vertebralganglion plexuses (Fig. 45A).
The final synapse of the parasympathetic system contains acetylcholine, whereas the final synapse of the sympathetic system contains noradrenaline, with the exception of certain synapses, as for sweating, that contain acetylcholine (i.e.
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